007 – ESP32 MicroPython: How to make some sound with MicroPython
In this article, we will be exploring the use of Pulse Width Modulation or PWM in producing a sound using MicroPython.
Bill of Materials:
- ESP32 Development board.
- A buzzer module or a speaker.
- Some connecting wires.
Circuit Diagram:
Video Demonstration:
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Source Code:
Example 1, Single Note:
# How to make some sound with MicroPython
# Author: George Bantique,
# TechToTinker Youtube channel
# www.techtotinker.com
# Date: September 18, 2020
# Import the machine module for GPIO and PWM
import machine
# Import the time module to add some delays
import time
# Create a regular GPIO object from pin 23
p23 = machine.Pin(23, machine.Pin.OUT)
# Create a new object and attach the pwm driver
buzzer = machine.PWM(p23)
# Set a pwm frequency
buzzer.freq(1047)
# Set the pwm duty value
# this serves as volume control
# Max volume is a duty value of 512
buzzer.duty(50)
# Let the sound ring for a certain duration
time.sleep(1)
# Turn off the pulse by setting the duty to 0
buzzer.duty(0)
# And disconnect the pwm driver to the GPIO pin
buzzer.deinit()Example 2, Mario Melody:
# How to make some sound with MicroPython
# Author: George Bantique,
# TechToTinker Youtube channel
# www.techtotinker.com
# Date: September 18, 2020
from machine import Pin
from machine import PWM
from time import sleep_ms
class GORILLACELL_BUZZER:
def __init__(self, sig_pin):
self.pwm = PWM(Pin(sig_pin),duty_u16=0)
def play(self, melodies, wait, duty=32767):
for note in melodies:
if note != 0:
self.pwm.freq(note)
self.pwm.duty_u16(duty)
sleep_ms(wait)
# Disable the pulse, setting the duty to 0
self.pwm.duty_u16(0)
# Disconnect the pwm driver
#self.pwm.deinit() # remove to play the next melodies
def tone(self, notes, wait, duty=32767):
self.pwm.freq(notes)
self.pwm.duty_u16(duty)
sleep_ms(wait)
self.pwm.duty_u16(0)
# Notes and its equivalent frequency
# Octave 0 ********************
B0 = 31 # B
# Octave 1 ********************
C1 = 33 # C
CS1 = 35 # C#/Db
D1 = 37 # D
DS1 = 39 # D#/Eb
E1 = 41 # E
F1 = 44 # F
FS1 = 46 # F#/Gb
G1 = 49 # G
GS1 = 52 # G#/Ab
A1 = 55 # A
AS1 = 58 # A#/Bb
B1 = 62 # B
# Octave 2 ********************
C2 = 65 # C
CS2 = 69 # C#/Db
D2 = 73 # D
DS2 = 78 # D#/Eb
E2 = 82 # E
F2 = 87 # F
FS2 = 93 # F#/Gb
G2 = 98 # G
GS2 = 104 # G#/Ab
A2 = 110 # A
AS2 = 117 # A#/Bb
B2 = 123 # B
# Octave 3 ********************
C3 = 131 # C
CS3 = 139 # C#/Db
D3 = 147 # D
DS3 = 156 # D#/Eb
E3 = 165 # E
F3 = 175 # F
FS3 = 185 # F#/Gb
G3 = 196 # G
GS3 = 208 # G#/Ab
A3 = 220 # A
AS3 = 233 # A#/Bb
B3 = 247 # B
# Octave 4 ********************
C4 = 262 # C
CS4 = 277 # C#/Db
D4 = 294 # D
DS4 = 311 # D#/Eb
E4 = 330 # E
F4 = 349 # F
FS4 = 370 # F#/Gb
G4 = 392 # G
GS4 = 415 # G#/Ab
A4 = 440 # A
AS4 = 466 # A#/Bb
B4 = 494 # B
# Octave 5 ********************
C5 = 523 # C
CS5 = 554 # C#/Db
D5 = 587 # D
DS5 = 622 # D#/Eb
E5 = 659 # E
F5 = 698 # F
FS5 = 740 # F#/Gb
G5 = 784 # G
GS5 = 831 # G#/Ab
A5 = 880 # A
AS5 = 932 # A#/Bb
B5 = 988 # B
# Octave 6 ********************
C6 = 1047 # C
CS6 = 1109 # C#/Db
D6 = 1175 # D
DS6 = 1245 # D#/Eb
E6 = 1319 # E
F6 = 1397 # F
FS6 = 1480 # F#/Gb
G6 = 1568 # G
GS6 = 1661 # G#/Ab
A6 = 1760 # A
AS6 = 1865 # A#/Bb
B6 = 1976 # B
# Octave 7 ********************
C7 = 2093 # C
CS7 = 2217 # C#/Db
D7 = 2349 # D
DS7 = 2489 # D#/Eb
E7 = 2637 # E
F7 = 2794 # F
FS7 = 2960 # F#/Gb
G7 = 3136 # G
GS7 = 3322 # G#/Ab
A7 = 3520 # A
AS7 = 3729 # A#/Bb
B7 = 3951 # B
# Octave 8 ********************
C8 = 4186 # C
CS8 = 4435 # C#/Db
D8 = 4699 # D
DS8 = 4978 # D#/Eb
# This is the list of notes for mario theme
# 0 denotes rest notes
mario = [
E7, E7, 0, E7, 0, C7, E7, 0,
G7, 0, 0, 0, G6, 0, 0, 0,
C7, 0, 0, G6, 0, 0, E6, 0,
0, A6, 0, B6, 0,AS6, A6, 0,
G6, E7, 0, G7, A7, 0, F7, G7,
0, E7, 0, C7, D7, B6, 0, 0,
C7, 0, 0, G6, 0, 0, E6, 0,
0, A6, 0, B6, 0,AS6, A6, 0,
G6, E7, 0, G7, A7, 0, F7, G7,
0, E7, 0, C7, D7, B6, 0, 0,
]
# This is the list of notes for jingle bells
jingle = [
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, E7, D7, D7, E7, D7, 0, G7, 0,
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, G7, G7, F7, D7, C7, 0
]
# This is the list of notes for Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
twinkle = [
C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
]
buzzer = GORILLACELL_BUZZER(10)
print("Playing mario.")
buzzer.play(mario, 150, 32767)
sleep_ms(1000)
print("Playing jingle bells.")
buzzer.play(jingle, 250, 32767)
sleep_ms(1000)
print("Playing twinkle, twinkle little star.")
buzzer.play(twinkle, 600, 32767)
Example 3, More Melodies:
# How to make some sound with MicroPython
# Author: George Bantique,
# TechToTinker Youtube channel
# www.techtotinker.com
# Date: September 18, 2020
# This is the list of notes for jingle bells
jingle = [
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, E7, D7, D7, E7, D7, 0, G7, 0,
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, E7, E7, 0,
E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, G7, G7, F7, D7, C7, 0
]
def play_jingle():
play(p23, jingle, 0.25, 512)
# This is the list of notes for Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
twinkle = [
C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
]
def play_twinkle():
play(p23, twinkle, 0.6, 50)
I enjoyed your tutorial Sir George.. This is awesome.
Hi @Ed Cañeda, thank you. Regards, George Bantique, #TechToTinker
Hello George, I'm thankful to you for this Micropython tutorials. I have NodeMCU ESP8266 Dev. Board & I have connected GPIO pin 4 for the same code(changed p23 to p4 at all places in your code) but it is not giving me the same sound output as shown in your YouTube video. The first code is working perfectly fine but the other one doesn't. Can you please tell me what is the issue behind the stuff? or if possible help me by sharing new codes of mario melody, twinkle & jingle, compatible to NodeMCU ESP8266 Board.
@Pranav Khatale, can you try again with the following?
# How to make some sound with MicroPython
# Example 2: Make a mario sound
# Author: George Bantique,
# TechToTinker Youtube channel
# techtotinker.blogspot.com
# Date: September 18, 2020
import machine
import time
p4 = machine.Pin(4, machine.Pin.OUT)
# These are the notes with equivalent frequency
# https://www.blackghostaudio.com/blog/basic-music-theory-for-beginners
B0 = 31
C1 = 33
CS1 = 35
D1 = 37
DS1 = 39
E1 = 41
F1 = 44
FS1 = 46
G1 = 49
GS1 = 52
A1 = 55
AS1 = 58
B1 = 62
C2 = 65
CS2 = 69
D2 = 73
DS2 = 78
E2 = 82
F2 = 87
FS2 = 93
G2 = 98
GS2 = 104
A2 = 110
AS2 = 117
B2 = 123
C3 = 131
CS3 = 139
D3 = 147
DS3 = 156
E3 = 165
F3 = 175
FS3 = 185
G3 = 196
GS3 = 208
A3 = 220
AS3 = 233
B3 = 247
C4 = 262
CS4 = 277
D4 = 294
DS4 = 311
E4 = 330
F4 = 349
FS4 = 370
G4 = 392
GS4 = 415
A4 = 440
AS4 = 466
B4 = 494
C5 = 523
CS5 = 554
D5 = 587
DS5 = 622
E5 = 659
F5 = 698
FS5 = 740
G5 = 784
GS5 = 831
A5 = 880
AS5 = 932
B5 = 988
C6 = 1047
CS6 = 1109
D6 = 1175
DS6 = 1245
E6 = 1319
F6 = 1397
FS6 = 1480
G6 = 1568
GS6 = 1661
A6 = 1760
AS6 = 1865
B6 = 1976
C7 = 2093
CS7 = 2217
D7 = 2349
DS7 = 2489
E7 = 2637
F7 = 2794
FS7 = 2960
G7 = 3136
GS7 = 3322
A7 = 3520
AS7 = 3729
B7 = 3951
C8 = 4186
CS8 = 4435
D8 = 4699
DS8 = 4978
# Function play is use to play sound from a list of notes
def play(pin, melodies, delays, duty):
# Create the pwm object
pwm = machine.PWM(pin)
# Loop through the whole list
for note in melodies:
pwm.freq(note)
pwm.duty(duty)
time.sleep(delays)
# Disable the pulse, setting the duty to 0
pwm.duty(0)
# Disconnect the pwm driver
pwm.deinit()
# This is the list of notes for mario theme
# 0 denotes rest notes
mario = [
E7, E7, 0, E7, 0, C7, E7, 0,
G7, 0, 0, 0, G6, 0, 0, 0,
C7, 0, 0, G6, 0, 0, E6, 0,
0, A6, 0, B6, 0,AS6, A6, 0,
G6, E7, 0, G7, A7, 0, F7, G7,
0, E7, 0, C7, D7, B6, 0, 0,
C7, 0, 0, G6, 0, 0, E6, 0,
0, A6, 0, B6, 0,AS6, A6, 0,
G6, E7, 0, G7, A7, 0, F7, G7,
0, E7, 0, C7, D7, B6, 0, 0,
]
# Function to easily play the mario theme
def play_mario():
# Play the mario theme to GPIO 23
# with 150ms note interval
# with a low volume
play(p4, mario, 0.15, 50)
hi bro
I've problem with do it.
with simple code in python and simple connect buzzer to ESP32, nothing happening. it seems, duty not work!. after code: buzzer.duty(50), for test it, i want to see duty value with this code: pring(buzzer.duty()). it show 0.
note: I'm working in Wokwi.com simulator
thank you very much you tutorial is very useful .I enjoyed your tutorial Sir George. But I have I problem whzn i send a 0 freqency for exemple in the function play_mario i had this error message and the sound doesn’t play:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “”, line 1, in
File “”, line 139, in play_mario
File “”, line 111, in play
ValueError: freqency must be from 1Hz to 40MHz
I use an ESP32 for this exemple with the same pin with you p23.
Hi Mohamed, can you try again the example # 2. I just updated it. Please let me know if it helps. Cheers.