007 - ESP32 MicroPython: How to make some sound with MicroPython

Sep 18, 2020 · 7 min read · esp32 micropython Micropython esp32 micropython music micropython sound micropython tone ·

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Introduction

In this article, we will be exploring the use of Pulse Width Modulation or PWM in producing a sound using MicroPython.

Bill Of Materials

ESP32 Development board.
A buzzer module or a speaker.
Some connecting wires.

Circuit Diagram

Video Demonstration

Call To Action

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Source Code

Example 1, Single Note:

 1# How to make some sound with MicroPython
 2# Author: George Bantique,
 3#         TechToTinker Youtube channel
 4#         www.techtotinker.com
 5# Date: September 18, 2020
 6
 7# Import the machine module for GPIO and PWM
 8import machine
 9# Import the time module to add some delays
10import time
11
12# Create a regular GPIO object from pin 23
13p23 = machine.Pin(23, machine.Pin.OUT)
14
15# Create a new object and attach the pwm driver
16buzzer = machine.PWM(p23)
17
18# Set a pwm frequency
19buzzer.freq(1047)
20# Set the pwm duty value
21# this serves as volume control
22# Max volume is a duty value of 512
23buzzer.duty(50)
24# Let the sound ring for a certain duration
25time.sleep(1)
26# Turn off the pulse by setting the duty to 0
27buzzer.duty(0)
28# And disconnect the pwm driver to the GPIO pin
29buzzer.deinit()

Example 2, Mario Melody:

  1# How to make some sound with MicroPython
  2# Author: George Bantique,
  3#         TechToTinker Youtube channel
  4#         www.techtotinker.com
  5# Date: September 18, 2020
  6from machine import Pin
  7from machine import PWM
  8from time import sleep_ms
  9
 10class GORILLACELL_BUZZER: 
 11    def __init__(self, sig_pin):
 12        self.pwm = PWM(Pin(sig_pin),duty_u16=0)      
 13        
 14    def play(self, melodies, wait, duty=32767):
 15        for note in melodies:
 16            if note != 0:
 17                self.pwm.freq(note)
 18            self.pwm.duty_u16(duty)
 19            sleep_ms(wait)
 20        # Disable the pulse, setting the duty to 0
 21        self.pwm.duty_u16(0)
 22        # Disconnect the pwm driver
 23        #self.pwm.deinit() # remove to play the next melodies
 24        
 25    def tone(self, notes, wait, duty=32767):
 26        self.pwm.freq(notes)
 27        self.pwm.duty_u16(duty)
 28        sleep_ms(wait)
 29        self.pwm.duty_u16(0)
 30
 31# Notes and its equivalent frequency
 32           # Octave 0 ********************
 33B0  = 31   # B
 34           # Octave 1 ********************
 35C1  = 33   # C
 36CS1 = 35   # C#/Db
 37D1  = 37   # D
 38DS1 = 39   # D#/Eb
 39E1  = 41   # E
 40F1  = 44   # F
 41FS1 = 46   # F#/Gb
 42G1  = 49   # G
 43GS1 = 52   # G#/Ab
 44A1  = 55   # A
 45AS1 = 58   # A#/Bb
 46B1  = 62   # B
 47           # Octave 2 ********************
 48C2  = 65   # C
 49CS2 = 69   # C#/Db
 50D2  = 73   # D
 51DS2 = 78   # D#/Eb
 52E2  = 82   # E
 53F2  = 87   # F
 54FS2 = 93   # F#/Gb
 55G2  = 98   # G
 56GS2 = 104  # G#/Ab
 57A2  = 110  # A
 58AS2 = 117  # A#/Bb
 59B2  = 123  # B
 60           # Octave 3 ********************
 61C3  = 131  # C
 62CS3 = 139  # C#/Db
 63D3  = 147  # D
 64DS3 = 156  # D#/Eb
 65E3  = 165  # E
 66F3  = 175  # F
 67FS3 = 185  # F#/Gb
 68G3  = 196  # G
 69GS3 = 208  # G#/Ab
 70A3  = 220  # A
 71AS3 = 233  # A#/Bb
 72B3  = 247  # B
 73           # Octave 4 ********************
 74C4  = 262  # C
 75CS4 = 277  # C#/Db
 76D4  = 294  # D
 77DS4 = 311  # D#/Eb
 78E4  = 330  # E
 79F4  = 349  # F
 80FS4 = 370  # F#/Gb
 81G4  = 392  # G
 82GS4 = 415  # G#/Ab
 83A4  = 440  # A
 84AS4 = 466  # A#/Bb
 85B4  = 494  # B
 86           # Octave 5 ********************
 87C5  = 523  # C
 88CS5 = 554  # C#/Db
 89D5  = 587  # D
 90DS5 = 622  # D#/Eb
 91E5  = 659  # E
 92F5  = 698  # F
 93FS5 = 740  # F#/Gb
 94G5  = 784  # G
 95GS5 = 831  # G#/Ab
 96A5  = 880  # A
 97AS5 = 932  # A#/Bb
 98B5  = 988  # B
 99           # Octave 6 ********************
100C6  = 1047 # C
101CS6 = 1109 # C#/Db
102D6  = 1175 # D
103DS6 = 1245 # D#/Eb
104E6  = 1319 # E
105F6  = 1397 # F
106FS6 = 1480 # F#/Gb
107G6  = 1568 # G
108GS6 = 1661 # G#/Ab
109A6  = 1760 # A
110AS6 = 1865 # A#/Bb
111B6  = 1976 # B
112           # Octave 7 ********************
113C7  = 2093 # C
114CS7 = 2217 # C#/Db
115D7  = 2349 # D
116DS7 = 2489 # D#/Eb
117E7  = 2637 # E
118F7  = 2794 # F
119FS7 = 2960 # F#/Gb
120G7  = 3136 # G
121GS7 = 3322 # G#/Ab
122A7  = 3520 # A
123AS7 = 3729 # A#/Bb
124B7  = 3951 # B
125           # Octave 8 ********************
126C8  = 4186 # C
127CS8 = 4435 # C#/Db
128D8  = 4699 # D
129DS8 = 4978 # D#/Eb
130
131
132
133# This is the list of notes for mario theme
134# 0 denotes rest notes
135mario = [
136     E7, E7,  0, E7,  0, C7, E7,  0,
137     G7,  0,  0,  0, G6,  0,  0,  0,
138     C7,  0,  0, G6,  0,  0, E6,  0,
139      0, A6,  0, B6,  0,AS6, A6,  0,
140     G6, E7,  0, G7, A7,  0, F7, G7,
141      0, E7,  0, C7, D7, B6,  0,  0,
142     C7,  0,  0, G6,  0,  0, E6,  0,
143      0, A6,  0, B6,  0,AS6, A6,  0,
144     G6, E7,  0, G7, A7,  0, F7, G7,
145      0, E7,  0, C7, D7, B6,  0,  0,
146    ]
147
148# This is the list of notes for jingle bells
149jingle = [
150    E7, E7, E7, 0,
151    E7, E7, E7, 0,
152    E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
153    F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, E7, D7, D7, E7, D7, 0, G7, 0,
154    E7, E7, E7, 0,
155    E7, E7, E7, 0,
156    E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
157    F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, G7, G7, F7, D7, C7, 0 
158    ]
159
160# This is the list of notes for Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
161twinkle = [
162    C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
163    F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
164    G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
165    G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
166    C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
167    F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
168    ]
169
170
171buzzer = GORILLACELL_BUZZER(10)
172
173print("Playing mario.")
174buzzer.play(mario, 150, 32767)
175sleep_ms(1000)
176
177print("Playing jingle bells.")
178buzzer.play(jingle, 250, 32767)
179sleep_ms(1000)
180
181print("Playing twinkle, twinkle little star.")
182buzzer.play(twinkle, 600, 32767)

Example 3, More Melodies:

 1# How to make some sound with MicroPython
 2# Author: George Bantique,
 3#         TechToTinker Youtube channel
 4#	  www.techtotinker.com
 5# Date: September 18, 2020
 6
 7# This is the list of notes for jingle bells
 8jingle = [
 9    E7, E7, E7, 0,
10    E7, E7, E7, 0,
11    E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
12    F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, E7, D7, D7, E7, D7, 0, G7, 0,
13    E7, E7, E7, 0,
14    E7, E7, E7, 0,
15    E7, G7, C7, D7, E7, 0,
16    F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, E7, E7, E7, G7, G7, F7, D7, C7, 0 
17]
18
19def play_jingle():
20    play(p23, jingle, 0.25, 512)
21
22# This is the list of notes for Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
23twinkle = [
24    C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
25    F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
26    G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
27    G6, G6, F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, 0,
28    C6, C6, G6, G6, A6, A6, G6, 0,
29    F6, F6, E6, E6, D6, D6, C6, 0,
30]
31
32def play_twinkle():
33    play(p23, twinkle, 0.6, 50)