Micropython Basics: Introduction to Micropython
Table of Contents
MicroPython is a compact and efficient implementation of the Python 3 programming language designed to run directly on microcontrollers and embedded hardware. It brings the simplicity and power of Python to small, resource-constrained devices—enabling you to write clear, high-level code to interact with hardware components such as LEDs, sensors, motors, and displays.
Traditional embedded development often requires writing low-level code in languages like C or C++, compiling it, and flashing the binary to the board. MicroPython simplifies this process by providing an interpreter that executes code immediately. You can test your programs interactively, modify them on the fly, and get instant feedback—all without complex toolchains.
Why Use MicroPython?
MicroPython is built for rapid prototyping, education, and IoT development. It’s perfect for beginners who already know a little Python and want to explore electronics, as well as for professionals who need a quick and flexible platform for embedded applications.
- Readable syntax: MicroPython uses standard Python syntax, making it easy for anyone with basic programming experience to learn.
- Interactive REPL: The Read–Eval–Print Loop (REPL) allows you to enter commands directly into the board and see immediate results— an ideal feature for experimentation and debugging.
- Rapid development: Upload scripts instantly, no need for manual compilation or flashing each time.
- Cross-platform: Write code once and run it on multiple boards that support MicroPython.
Supported MicroPython Boards
MicroPython runs on many popular development boards, each suited for different types of projects:
- ESP32 — a powerful Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-enabled microcontroller commonly used in IoT (Internet of Things) projects.
- ESP8266 — a smaller, budget-friendly option ideal for simple Wi-Fi-based applications.
- Raspberry Pi Pico — based on the RP2040 chip; features dual ARM cores, low power consumption, and great performance for its size.
Other boards such as the Pyboard, STM32, and Teensy are also compatible, providing flexibility depending on your project’s requirements.
How MicroPython Compares to Arduino (C++)
For years, the Arduino ecosystem has been the most common way to learn embedded programming. However, MicroPython offers a more modern, high-level approach that removes much of the boilerplate code required in Arduino projects. You can focus more on logic and less on configuration.
| Feature | MicroPython | Arduino (C++) |
|---|---|---|
| Syntax | Python 3 | C/C++ |
| REPL Support | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Ease of Use | High – beginner-friendly | Moderate – requires more setup |
| Speed | Moderate | Fast |
| Compilation | Not required (interpreted) | Required (compiled) |
| Typical Use Case | Rapid prototyping, IoT, education | Performance-critical embedded systems |
Example: Your First MicroPython Program
Once your board is set up and connected, you can start experimenting right away. Let’s begin with a simple “Hello, World” example that prints a message to the console. This is a quick way to confirm that MicroPython is working properly on your device.
print("Hello, MicroPython!")When you run this code in Thonny or through the REPL, the message Hello, MicroPython! will appear in the console output.
It might look simple, but this first step verifies that your board’s firmware and communication are set up correctly. From here, you can move on to controlling LEDs, reading sensor data, and building complete IoT systems—all using the same familiar Python syntax.